Date:  22 October 2026

DOC Principal Ranger for the Sounds District, Dan Palmer, says the king shag population, which is only found in the Marlborough Sounds, has dropped to about 550 after several years of poor breeding. 

“This decline shows this iconic Marlborough bird is facing real pressure in the wild. It’s vital people help them out and give king shag colonies a wide berth,” Dan says.

“Boaties must stay at least 100 m away from king shag colonies under the Marlborough Environmental Plan, as the birds are easily disturbed and can start to show signs of stress leading to abandonment of nests and roosting sites when vessels, including kayaks, are too close.”

King shag colonies and roosting sites are found near several popular fishing spots and bird watching sites including Sentinel Rock, Duffers Reef, White Rocks, North Trio/Kuru Pongi and Blumine Island/Oruawairua.

While king shags are often mistaken for pied shags, Dan says there are some important differences.

“Unlike pied shags, king shags aren’t interested in scavenging around boats and generally keep their distance from people. They’re more robust than their pied shag cousins, have distinctive pink feet, and nest on rocky outcrops, while pied shags make their nests in trees.”

Marlborough District Council’s Head of Environmental Policy Pere Hawes says recently introduced coastal rules will help protect these special birds.

“Council is committed to working with DOC to protect king shag’s habitat. A new 100 m exclusion zone around breeding sites has been put in place through the Proposed Marlborough Environment Plan to discourage close approaches. By minimising disturbance caused by boats, adults are more likely to stay on their nests. By staying at least 100 m away from identified breeding sites, boaties can help protect the species during nesting.”

Dan says while the cause of decline is likely complex, including factors like a changing climate and the impact on food supply, human disturbance is one factor we can influence.

Dan says if H5 bird flu arrives in the Sounds, it would pose an additional risk to king shags, making healthy, resilient populations more important than ever.  The risk of H5 bird flu to king shags is considered high because this species nests in colonies, roosts communally and lives in seabird habitat close to other at-risk species such as gulls, terns and seals. 

“Overseas experience has shown that bird colonies have a better chance of recovery from H5 bird flu if they are left undisturbed. Giving king shags space around colonies and roosting sites is a simple way people can help protect this endangered species.

“We’ll be monitoring the situation but ask people enjoying the Sounds to be vigilant."

Report any sick or dead birds or seals found in a group of three or more to MPI on 0800 80 99 66. You can also report online at https://report.mpi.govt.nz/pest/. Do not touch or move sick or dead wildlife.

Dan says research planned for next winter’s breeding season will examine the recent decline in chick survival.

Background information

The king shag is a deep-diving bird which feeds on bottom-dwelling fish species including lemon sole, opal fish and witch. Given their preferred prey, king shags depend on a healthy seafloor ecosystem.

Other threats include disturbance from human activity and bad weather events.

King shags breed in winter, making nests of sticks and seaweed cemented with guano on low rock platforms, steep rock faces, or rock ridges. Typically, they lay one to three pale blue eggs per nest.

The full list of colony sites where the 100 m buffer applies is:

• Sentinel Rock
• Duffers Reef
• White Rocks
• North Trio/Kuru Pongi
• Rahuinui Island
• Hunia
• The Haystack/Moturaka
• Tawhitinui
• Blumine Island/Oruawairua
• The Twins

For information on H5 bird flu see -  H5 bird flu resource kete: Wildlife health

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