COEA2G|b"""%ЉtF2H endstream endobj 153 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet 3 0 R>> endobj 146 0 obj <> endobj 147 0 obj <> endobj 148 0 obj <> endobj 142 0 obj <>/Height 59/Type/XObject>>stream T'zx7{zn =zn۪x H!aA=U0!Ȯx!p*}-B^* endstream endobj 144 0 obj <>/Height 63/Type/XObject>>stream 7:]]:ޮt7SI[|a (A\2%&kVGŬ#C!UJ endstream endobj 149 0 obj <>stream q 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 221 421 cm 20 0 0 14 0 0 cm /picture_0 Do Q q 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 396 435 cm 19 0 0 15 0 0 cm /picture_1 Do Q endstream endobj 151 0 obj <>stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 756 Tm (effect. Satisfactory general photographic results were obtained through both types) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 742 Tm (of glass.) Tj 135 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 714 Tm (The 10 mm Grey tint would require a modification to the existing aluminium) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 700 Tm (window frames by the insertion of a suitable aluminium moulding into the existing) Tj 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 686 Tm (frames to allow 10 mm glass to be used. This glass is of a suitable thickness to) Tj 133 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 672 Tm (cope with local climatic conditions, though toughening is possible as an extra) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 658 Tm (precaution.) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 631 Tm (The 6 mm 'Greylite' may require a modification to the existing window frames if) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 618 Tm (the existing glass is not of the same dimensions. The major disadvantage of this) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 603 Tm (glass type is the advised propensity for breakage along permanent shadow lines.) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 589 Tm (It is not clear whether this can be overcome by toughening treatment. Accordingly,) Tj 133 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 576 Tm (though this glass seemed to perform the best for the requirements needed, the) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 562 Tm (extra performance should be balanced against the known disadvantage in any final) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 548 Tm (decisions for a public viewing area.) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 521 Tm (An additional benefit of tinted windows in the observatory will be a reduction in) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 507 Tm (the amount of heat transmitted into the observatory especially on hot sunny days.) Tj /OP11Font1 11 Tf 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 465 Tm (RECOMMENDATIONS.) Tj /OP11Font0 11 Tf 84 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 437 Tm (1.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 131 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 437 Tm (That all glass in the Richdale Observatory \(13.33) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 423 Tm (scientific office \(3.5) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 396 Tm (2.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 397 Tm (That all external glass associated with the Disappearing Gun Complex \(OP,) Tj 1 0 0 1 105 382 Tm (viewing box in roof over gun, shell hoist\) be replaced with 10 mm Grey tint) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 368 Tm (float glass.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 340 Tm (3.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 142 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 340 Tm (That all glass be replaced no later than 15 September 1993 to avoid) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 326 Tm (disturbance of breeding birds arriving for the new breeding season.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 299 Tm (4.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 131 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 299 Tm (That all internal lights be shaded so that direct light is directed away and) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 285 Tm (shaded from all windows in the public and scientific observatories.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 256 Tm (5.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 140 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 256 Tm (That the operators of the Signal Station be encouraged to modify all) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 242 Tm (windows in the Signal Station according to the same or similar specifica-) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 228 Tm (tions as recommended in 1 & 4 above.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 199 Tm (6.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 200 Tm (That there is a continuing prohibition on opening windows and the use of) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 187 Tm (photographic flash inside the Richdale Observatory except when done under) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 173 Tm (special permit.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 144 Tm (7.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 142 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 145 Tm (That any future modifications or reconstruction of the observatory,) Tj 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 130 Tm (incorporate design features which include smaller, narrower, angled and) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 116 Tm (tinted viewing windows, which are placed close to natural ground level.) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 424 Tm (be replaced with 10 mm Grey tint float glass.) Tj 131 Tz 1 0 0 1 421 437 Tm (and the associated) Tj /OP11Font0 9 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 294 778 Tm (8) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 138 0 obj [] endobj 197 0 obj <>stream BT 0 0 0 rg /T1_0 11 Tf 126 Tz 67 757 Td (Only the 10 mm Grey tint and 6 mm 'Greylite' had a significant effect on\ reducing)Tj 131 Tz -1 -13 Td (the visibility of people and movement inside the observatory as defined \ above.)Tj 124 Tz 1 -14 Td (Most significantly they both substantially eliminated viewing of the con\ tents of the)Tj 137 Tz 0 -15 TD (observatory even with the high ambient light levels from the unshaded si\ de)Tj 126 Tz 0 -14 TD (observation windows.)Tj 139 Tz 131 0 Td (With the shading of the side windows no discernable)Tj 127 Tz -131 -14 Td (movement or colour changes could be seen from the outside through these \ darkly)Tj 124 Tz 0 -13 TD (tinted glasses. The use of flash, though still visible, was reduced to a\ small 'bubble')Tj 129 Tz T* (of light rather than a wide flashing illumination.)Tj 128 Tz 0 -28 TD (The test of shading the side windows was important, because even with th\ e front)Tj 140 Tz 0 -14 TD (viewing panels remaining in clear glass, the darkening of the inside of \ the)Tj 126 Tz T* (observatory in the middle of the day significantly reduced the visibilit\ y of people,)Tj T* (but made the ceiling light clearly visible outside on a sunny day. Howev\ er, people)Tj 133 Tz T* (were still clearly visible when standing close to the viewing window in \ .direct)Tj 128 Tz 0 -13 TD (sunlight even with 6 mm bronze and Grey tint glass.)Tj 129 Tz 0 -28 TD (While there was some slight visual difference between the 10 mm Grey tin\ t and)Tj 127 Tz 0 -13 TD (the 6 mm 'Greylite', with the latter reducing visibility the most \(see \ also Table 1\),)Tj 128 Tz 1 -14 Td (any visibility of people or movement through the 10 mm Grey tint was onl\ y very)Tj 0 -15 TD (slightly obvious at close range \(ca. 10 metres\), but was not obvious w\ hen further)Tj 124 Tz 0 -13 TD (away from the observatory.)Tj /T1_1 11 Tf 121 Tz 0 -28 TD (3. The effect of glass types on external mirroring of observatory window\ s.)Tj /T1_0 11 Tf 128 Tz 0 -14 TD (The present observatory windows are of clear float glass which have the \ highest)Tj 132 Tz 0 -13 TD (reflectance levels of the range of glass tested \(see Table 1\). ')Tj 129 Tz 356 -1 Td (Mirror' type glass)Tj 130 Tz -356 -13 Td (\(such as one way glass\) was not assessed for that reason. Photographs \ from the)Tj 131 Tz 0 -14 TD (fixed photopoints in the reserve during the 1992-93 summer in a range of\ light)Tj 128 Tz T* (conditions demonstrated the significant mirroring effects visible in var\ ious parts)Tj 129 Tz T* (of the reserve according to time of day and direction of view. In Februa\ ry 1992,)Tj 127 Tz T* (in the hour after dawn, significant reflected bright glare from sunlight\ \(Robertson)Tj 129 Tz T* (pers. obs. recorded on video\) was directed onto the 'Quarry' nest-site \ off the NE)Tj 131 Tz T* (facing side-windows of the observatory. The most significant mirroring e\ ffects)Tj 129 Tz T* (occur late in the afternoon from the front windows of the observatory.)Tj 0 -28 TD (During the tests where the sliding panels of the observatory windows wer\ e open)Tj 132 Tz 0 -14 TD (\(for the testing of tinted glass\) the mirroring effect was substantial\ ly increased)Tj 127 Tz -1 -14 Td (where two panels of clear glass overlapped.)Tj 129 Tz 1 -28 Td (Table 1 shows the reflectance of 10 mm Grey tint and 'Greylite' to be so\ me 64%)Tj T* (less than clear float glass. This was confirmed in the tests with 6 & 10\ mm Grey)Tj 121 Tz T* (tint)Tj 125 Tz 27 0 Td (and )Tj /TT0 11 Tf (')Tj 139 Tz (G)Tj /T1_0 11 Tf (reylite' showing little discernable difference from each other in)Tj 126 Tz -27 -14 Td (reflectance when videoed from the fixed photopoints in the reserve. They\ showed)Tj 129 Tz -1 -13 Td (little discernable mirroring compared to the existing clear glass.)Tj /T1_1 11 Tf 117 Tz 1 -43 Td (DISCUSSION.)Tj /T1_0 11 Tf 128 Tz -1 -29 Td (Only the 10 mm Grey tint and the 6 mm 'Greylite' fulfilled both the requ\ irements)Tj 129 Tz T* (of reducing the visibility of people in the observatory and the external\ mirroring)Tj /T1_0 8 Tf 100 Tz 226 691 Td (7)Tj ET endstream endobj 128 0 obj <>/Height 117/Type/XObject>>stream DmEњ.)B/'#"G#ڈ쎋#DDDGs":?菘":fG#B"#4Dth#)PWrA$(2<'3Ⱥ7hDDDF#>]ф]ф_."""""""#'E|3F" > endobj 130 0 obj <> endobj 131 0 obj <> endobj 194 0 obj <> endobj 126 0 obj [] endobj 192 0 obj <>stream BT 0 0 0 rg /T1_0 11 Tf 133 Tz 103 755 Td (reflections were from 10mm Grey tint and 'Greylite'\). These reflections\ )Tj 125 Tz 0 -14 TD (were substantially reduced or eliminated however, by shading light from \ the)Tj 136 Tz T* (side windows by another sheet of tinted glass or by screening the side)Tj 124 Tz 0 -15 TD (windows \(see below\).)Tj 109 Tz 1 -28 Td (d.)Tj 2000 Tz -104 157 Td (\t)Tj 137 Tz 140 -156 Td (By reducing the light inside the observatory \(from side and rear)Tj 126 Tz -37 -13 Td (windows covered with brown paper\) reflections on the inside of the pres\ ent)Tj 131 Tz 1 -14 Td (front windows were virtually eliminated \(i.e. when inside of observator\ y)Tj 129 Tz 1 -15 Td (darker than outside\).)Tj 116 Tz 0 -28 TD (e.)Tj 2000 Tz -105 226 Td (\t)Tj 126 Tz 141 -224 Td (Automatically focusing cameras and videos had difficulty focusing if)Tj 132 Tz -36 -15 Td (the camera lense was not within 50 mm of the tinted glass samples. Any)Tj 133 Tz 0 -14 TD (greater distance and there was a tendency for the auto focus to treat th\ e)Tj 129 Tz T* (tinted glass sample \(now only part of the picture\) as a separate objec\ t and)Tj 139 Tz 1 -13 Td (attempting to focus on the glass. It is possible that this effect will b\ e)Tj 129 Tz T* (reduced when all glass is of the same tint. However, the use of auto-foc\ us)Tj 126 Tz 0 -13 TD (cameras will be affected if the lense is too far from the glass and espe\ cially)Tj 127 Tz 0 -15 TD (the darker types.)Tj 107 Tz 0 -29 TD (f.)Tj 2000 Tz -106 351 Td (\t)Tj 129 Tz 143 -349 Td (While a professional photographer might notice some modification)Tj 126 Tz -36 -14 Td (of results when photographing through the darkest glass, good photograph\ s)Tj 129 Tz -1 -14 Td (will be obtained in all but the dullest light conditions. In bright cond\ itions)Tj 132 Tz 2 -14 Td (\(especially with reflections from the sea\) photography will be improve\ d)Tj 143 Tz -1 -14 Td (when photographing through the tinted glass. These results will be)Tj 127 Tz 1 -14 Td (conditional upon all observatory windows being modified, the observatory\ )Tj 126 Tz -1 -13 Td (being kept as dark internally as possible, and the photographer placing \ their)Tj 130 Tz 1 -14 Td (lense close to the window, to minimise any backward reflections into the\ )Tj 123 Tz 0 -16 TD (camera.)Tj /T1_1 11 Tf 109 Tz -36 -28 Td (2.)Tj 130 Tz 22 2 Td (The effects of tinted glass on the external visibility of activity insid\ e the)Tj 113 Tz -22 -16 Td (observatory.)Tj /T1_0 11 Tf 136 Tz 0 -12 TD (Photographs taken at the fixed photopoints throughout the 1992-93 summer\ )Tj 126 Tz 1 -14 Td (showed that people and movement within the observatory were most noticea\ ble:-)Tj 129 Tz 36 -28 Td (\(a\) directly in front of the observatory in all light conditions;)Tj 130 Tz 0 -28 TD (\(b\) in any direction where people or movements were silhouetted agains\ t)Tj 122 Tz 0 -15 TD (other windows;)Tj 129 Tz 1 -28 Td (\(c\) where light fell directly onto people i.e. especially in sunny con\ ditions)Tj 139 Tz -1 -13 Td (in late afternoon when the low angle of the sun projected bright light)Tj 130 Tz T* (further back into the observatory;)Tj 132 Tz 1 -27 Td (\(d\) in conditions of low light when electric lights within the observa\ tory)Tj 131 Tz -1 -14 Td (were brighter than external natural light, and)Tj 1 -28 Td (\(e\) when cameras with automatic flash systems 'fired' because of the l\ ow)Tj 125 Tz T* (light conditions especially late in the day or in very dull overcast con\ ditions.)Tj 131 Tz 0 -14 TD (It is possible to switch off the automatic flash facility in most camera\ s of)Tj 125 Tz 0 -15 TD (this type.)Tj /T1_0 9 Tf 100 Tz 183 707.796 Td (6)Tj ET endstream endobj 116 0 obj <>/Height 117/Type/XObject>>stream %J9PmGB#5:1:#DDDDFu瑞{#tGQ DrSQD#J_`".""3F." htG]""#"Hr!z#E Ψ#xHmG̺#͢:0:6"莎g?1s.ь"#4,dt,0莋:6#1PhDDDDDDD`/7g8+A< A>]DDDDDFjE#""9.HIH_#2:AKwцGqRTL*Dx$G'b""#^mE̎sZKD"gs9TxJ2;#uGdty4"""""#)#Dt^#/DDDDDDfwyu:dta菘FGˢ:#qх!jOF7b"""""mItG6h1DB":#Ӯ|#]DDDr EuFhЈRX,G H8G:9HDaB#EtGs." c1"tDDDDDFDd|#菑qDtdueLNGDDDDFDq endstream endobj 118 0 obj <> endobj 119 0 obj <> endobj 114 0 obj [] endobj 113 0 obj [108 0 R 110 0 R] endobj 102 0 obj <>/Height 117/Type/XObject>>stream c6dtG#tmtGQB#:8#<#qGF3fm: G":.Ȍ":."#" DDDDDgPxF9ED|ta&ЈXX粈)TQ]Gdx"GDDDDp0菛F3#h.Q endstream endobj 112 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet 3 0 R>> endobj 106 0 obj <> endobj 107 0 obj <> endobj 104 0 obj <>/Height 662/Type/XObject>>stream li(\[f#Ŗj6">hȸl#1-P!Dp aGj9qhiCtm㑶`Kh,Db6ˁ6f29EȏDDDDDFMʑn#yxE8Ar:19d""""2L..j#G2;#:#">O'g0Q##D| 莋̑""4"$2@9;"5(sEYP)nl(sTʃv! 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ȮEk 2qL61* l&CA7U":o$5}LH_UӿIJi!ՄA[Џ}W!⡅m]W$|L%Ä́I?qHoZkki=7Gk̓UA:}tCMiյ8o¬0:OݤBJ XJ5C8_AxaQ ZDi3JՆUZkzW,tɎ1 &]&N0+Q6h].☪ݧi&hZPat0&_q_{M44,0AOw_k0ᄴ~iC0BQ~~1j/M4c)Pj-]{O8C^?د]k"FAHDF+J&B":}}wiG\:iia0_I%h0`B" Ј*C*B"tiƕP ْΜūR4D2U#fCta-Tyl&3X>rJ2K%#dH$< =4Ӗz}HAAtvޫ|iΆvRP>&DP AzODJc ҄U[!Nn7&gj;dN 7BZcȠiΰ dd`=rp.ښ ->;s E-OUICr{5\!KڐsUJ? C(_- P*@wI{'].#]ZcD}&ߐƷoZ"!wx+>&'shHl?'!#f>e,B:\V߭%o0"}m=JϙTLEG,t;ԇ+Z$XiYA O[]6;k˅2<0 +WַCK'3$|%7H:?Zu_cL4?? z)+0.|L mۿzwuS}d*!+Rvf.h6it?N*:Hj8W IC>v~Ry\Gtf.*9٩S_yKR8MW_hL$q TMxA;{Gjj&6va(kӮE_.AT'kWD;վ9^aTlW/~Ez SHkv_kMڦKa b8+էL/+U+UJ66kjHPx3X^ ޒ 0I1Mt[AW(t_Wa C qMuMuM4H0@D?_1,u{U{aa(`'n_ZZ i}iH0pqڿlVh0J"Di/klT5 agC{j ;yDDt__װu}v$WN&a6C۪RTLhk-8S,2;02>G[eE̎dp3l_8lj .aEaE5)iDGp G#tG>DDDDDe" G#}EQds#jG:>""#&ƈ#!B>G3}Ј4F#90PDDd.G M9>aXt0 9T(s9I99pgM endstream endobj 108 0 obj <>stream q 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 69 330 cm 447 0 0 159 0 0 cm /picture_0 Do Q endstream endobj 110 0 obj <>stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 755 Tm (greater the angle of the lense to the glass, and the further away the lease is from) Tj 135 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 741 Tm (the glass, the greater the chance of reflection, especially when there are high) Tj 131 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 727 Tm (levels of light behind or to the side of the camera, such as occurs in the present) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 712 Tm (observatory.) Tj 138 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 685 Tm (Photographic trials covered a number of days to obtain the range of results) Tj 131 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 672 Tm (required. Though every effort was made to have common conditions \(sunny or) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 658 Tm (overcast\) there were variations within those states during the days when tests were) Tj 1 0 0 1 69 645 Tm (made \(see differing light conditions when glass was absent in Table 2\). The darker) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 631 Tm (grades of glass were not available at the time when sunny conditions were being) Tj 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 617 Tm (tested. The mechanical representation of results shown in Table 2 represents a) Tj 137 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 603 Tm (coarse representation of conditions using fixed \(not zoom\) lenses and fixed) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 588 Tm (settings) Tj 144 Tz 1 0 0 1 121 589 Tm (of f-stops and shutter speeds. Automatic cameras and those that) Tj 142 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 575 Tm (automatically adjust shutter speeds to fixed f-stops will make less coarse) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 560 Tm (adjustments.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 520 Tm (Table 2) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 142 521 Tm (TEST CONDITIONS USED TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF TINTED OBSERVA-) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 142 509 Tm (TION WINDOW GLASS ON PHOTOGRAPHY) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 361 510 Tm (All film ASA100.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 142 497 Tm (Aperture -/- shutter speed) Tj /OP11Font0 11 Tf 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 303 Tm (The results are summarised as follows) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 275 Tm (a.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 277 Tm (In bright sunny conditions the 4 & 6 mm tinted glass reduced glare) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 262 Tm (considerably and could be considered to have 'improved' some photographs) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 248 Tm (because of that reduction. As expected from Table 1, the bronze tints with) Tj 1 0 0 1 108 234 Tm (the highest transmittance of light ratings had the least effects on photogra-) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 220 Tm (phy, except for a slight tendency towards a warmer bronze colour cast.) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 191 Tm (b.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 138 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 192 Tm (There was a clear relationship between reducing available light) Tj 150 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 178 Tm (\(sunny to overcast\) and reducing levels of performance as glass) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 164 Tm (transmittance levels dropped \(see Table 1\) and camera lenses moved into) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 149 Tm (the telephoto category.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 120 Tm (c.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 145 121 Tm (In the present observatory conditions, reflections back to the camera) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 107 Tm (were highest from inside the window \(photography as for a member of the) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 93 Tm (public\) in overcast conditions. The reflections also increased, proportionate) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 79 Tm (to the decreasing transmittance of light levels in the tested glass \(the worst) Tj /OP11Font0 8 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 294 777 Tm (5) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 100 0 obj [] endobj 190 0 obj <>stream q 462 0 0 253 65 398 cm /Im0 Do Q q 15 0 0 11 192 167 cm /Im1 Do Q q 15 0 0 12 201 180 cm /Im2 Do Q q 15 0 0 12 213 208 cm /Im3 Do Q q 16 0 0 13 316 236 cm /Im4 Do Q q 18 0 0 13 474 207 cm /Im5 Do Q BT 0 0 0 rg /T1_0 11 Tf 112 Tz 67 756 Td (GLASS PERFORMANCE DATA)Tj /T1_1 11 Tf 139 Tz 0 -28 TD (Each type and thickness of glass reviewed had different transmittance an\ d)Tj 127 Tz 0 -14 TD (reflective properties \(see Table 1\). Clear float glass had the highest\ transmittance)Tj 129 Tz T* (of light \(clarity of view\) but also the highest reflectance of light \(\ mirroring\).)Tj /T1_0 9 Tf 95 Tz 0 -27 TD (TABLE)Tj 2000 Tz -67 168 Td (\t)Tj 66 Tz 108 -168 Td (1)Tj 2000 Tz -108 168 Td (\t)Tj 107 Tz 176 -168 Td (GLASS PERFORMANCE DATA)Tj 2000 Tz -176 168 Td (\t)Tj /T1_1 9 Tf 88 Tz 395 -168 Td (*)Tj /T1_0 9 Tf 126 Tz 8 0 Td (Samples tested)Tj 88 Tz -227 -10 Td (Ref)Tj /TT0 9 Tf 100 Tz (.)Tj /T1_0 9 Tf 20.25 0 Td (i)Tj 97 Tz 3.537 0 Td (n part Ford \(1993\))Tj /T1_1 11 Tf 130 Tz -130.787 -286 Td (The thicker tinted glass transmitted the least light and also had increa\ singly low)Tj 129 Tz 0 -14 TD (reflectance. The brand glass "Greylite" had the lowest transmittance of \ light and)Tj 132 Tz T* (its reflectance was equivalent to the thickest of the grey tinted float \ glass. The)Tj 134 Tz 1 -14 Td (architect and others noted that 'Greylite' has a tendency to break in ho\ t sunny)Tj 126 Tz T* (conditions. It can break along a line where fixed shadow lines fall acro\ ss the glass)Tj 128 Tz T* (in very sunny and hot conditions which heat the glass to high temperatur\ es.)Tj /T1_0 11 Tf 109 Tz 0 -42 TD (RESULTS)Tj 96 Tz 0 -14 TD (1.)Tj 121 Tz 18 0 Td (Effects of tinted glass on photography.)Tj /T1_1 11 Tf 125 Tz -19 -14 Td (The present observatory has a total of 13.33)Tj 131 Tz 1 -14 Td (including two related to doors. The viewing end \(16 panels\) of the obs\ ervatory)Tj 124 Tz 0 -15 TD (facing outwards has 4.07)Tj 136 Tz -1 -13 Td (west \(main viewing - front of observatory\) across the nature reserve a\ nd the)Tj 126 Tz 1 -14 Td (harbour entrance; 3.65)Tj 130 Tz -1 -14 Td (panels totalling 1.01)Tj 137 Tz 1 -14 Td (overlooking the entrance and access path to the observatory. There are a\ lso)Tj 133 Tz -1 -14 Td (various ceiling and wall lights used for illumination and spotlighting d\ isplays.)Tj 127 Tz 0 -14 TD (Visitors are not allowed to open windows or use flashguns for photograph\ y.)Tj 137 Tz 0 -29 TD (The most successful photography through glass normally involves the clos\ e)Tj 128 Tz -1 -14 Td (juxtapositioning of the lense flush to the window glass to overcome the \ effects of)Tj 132 Tz 2 -14 Td (any dirt on the glass and any reflection from the glass back to the came\ ra. The)Tj 137 Tz 143 99 Td (are at the rear corner of the building facing east and)Tj 126 Tz 7 15 Td (facing north towards the fence and Signal Station. 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The still cam\ eras used)Tj 126 Tz T* (included standard and telephoto 35mm manual or automatic cameras with ma\ nual)Tj 118 Tz T* (light)Tj 129 Tz 29 1 Td (meters or through the lense meters, and a compact fixed focus camera wit\ h)Tj 127 Tz -29 -14 Td (a 38 mm lense. All film types used \(B/W, colour print, colour transpare\ ncy\) were)Tj 126 Tz T* (rated at ASA100 film speed.)Tj 143 Tz 0 -27 TD (All photographs were taken with the camera hand held. When inside the)Tj 138 Tz 0 -14 TD (observatory the photographers rested their elbows on the window ledge fo\ r)Tj 125 Tz T* (balance \(ca. 300 mm wide inside the window\). In each test case photos \ were taken)Tj 1 -14 Td (\(a\) through an open window, \(b\) with the lense edge touching the sam\ ple glass \(to)Tj 131 Tz T* (obtain a view inside the reserve, rather than the open sea, the lense wa\ s always)Tj 128 Tz T* (at an angle to the glass\), \(c\) with the lense half covered by sample \ glass and half)Tj 130 Tz -1 -14 Td (with no glass, and \(d\) with the lense edge ca. 300 mm from the glass \(\ similar to)Tj 125 Tz T* (most visitors\).)Tj 131 Tz 1 -28 Td (Cameras were hand held for all photographs or video taken outside the ob\ serv-)Tj 117 Tz 0 -15 TD (atory.)Tj 144 Tz 40 1 Td (Photography outside the observatory was from one or more fixed)Tj 131 Tz -41 -14 Td (photopoints within the area of the reserve on view from the observatory.\ Black)Tj 133 Tz 1 -15 Td (and white photographs had been taken from these photopoints monthly and \ in)Tj 138 Tz -1 -13 Td (various light conditions to record the visibility of people in the obser\ vatory)Tj 130 Tz 0 -14 TD (throughout the 1992-93 summer. These photographs were taken at the heigh\ t of)Tj 0 -13 TD (the eye of a sitting Royal albatross to simulate the view from a nest si\ te.)Tj 126 Tz 0 -29 TD (Finally tests were undertaken with all windows except the front viewing \ windows)Tj 132 Tz 0 -14 TD (of the observatory covered with brown paper to reduce both the light ava\ ilable)Tj 128 Tz T* (inside the observatory, and the silhouetting of visitors against side wi\ ndows.)Tj /T1_0 9 Tf 88 Tz 225 662 Td (3)Tj ET endstream endobj 64 0 obj <>/Height 117/Type/XObject>>stream %J2SDf:7FSQF#:#=)1A:#莈#>GFDDD2B#XֈhN!8 DDDsR#6]dxˢЈt]FmA E""""3#12:1""""<8>y_o8}E3DtaDtG":'dueu2:#:.莎":/ь """"#B"2]>]фa2(hDDDDsR..af:#mtG͢|'E#>mHGFqٶatpdteDDqDDFOGtG %#<]8"""2tc#tt]B0d|ֈqD|=2莢""""#(DtGD|mDDDs GA!$3:6|.eѢ34HĎtn3Ea:":#Ⱥ0"tB"""4:0c/E5C#h!ϣL>6Dd>GG6.GDx """""#ԌPѴ]UtaDG9Ѧa8A:#(r*9Crp """"""? endstream endobj 172 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 173 0 obj <> endobj 62 0 obj [] endobj 61 0 obj [56 0 R 58 0 R] endobj 51 0 obj <>/Height 117/Type/XObject>>stream %J3Z$#d| y#`"""">FH#7fk4DtGDt]x(;9XPXPr"""'M3] CEC@DFiфGF:.DDDD~h陨L;r*YQ""""3\]DsDo 쎢"""""234EѸ4Fxt""""#:| DDGN9:>F.$taHh(B!!Fԑ#.">G3쏑tG莈0DDD\FDXC:hGeѽ#)9ܨf(DDfG͢:R?#:(/DtG˲:/dQ.<ȎxF4""""#::7DtG]F(Eхf-/+(rPSpX BCH*Ѽ(aЂ#>Gˢ<]D8H#c#tGe|B"""""#:baD endstream endobj 60 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet 3 0 R>> endobj 53 0 obj <> endobj 54 0 obj <> endobj 55 0 obj <> endobj 56 0 obj <>stream endstream endobj 58 0 obj <>stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 757 Tm (an internal raised platform\) of visitors \(up to 25 people\) being visible through the) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 744 Tm (windows.) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 715 Tm (The use of an observation slit rather than windows, or reducing viewable glass in) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 701 Tm (the existing windows, while substantially reducing the external visibility of visitors,) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 687 Tm (would also significantly reduce the number of visitors who could be catered for in) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 674 Tm (the observatory and markedly reduce the visual experience, especially of flying) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 660 Tm (birds.) Tj 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 660 Tm (Accordingly, various methods of re-glazing the Richdale observatory to) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 646 Tm (reduce the visibility of observers have been considered.) Tj /OP11Font1 11 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 605 Tm (OBJECTIVES) Tj /OP11Font0 11 Tf 84 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 577 Tm (1.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 577 Tm (To assess different methods of screening visitors in the observatory from) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 563 Tm (outside view.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 536 Tm (2.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 536 Tm (To prevent the illumination and silhouetting of visitors.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 509 Tm (3.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 508 Tm (To avoid any external mirroring effects which might affect birds or shipping.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 480 Tm (4.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 480 Tm (To assess the effects of different types of glass on photography undertaken) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 466 Tm (by visitors inside the observatory.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 438 Tm (5.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 438 Tm (To make recommendations to Otago Conservancy, Department of Conserva-) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 425 Tm (tion,) Tj 145 Tz 1 0 0 1 138 425 Tm (and the Otago Peninsula Trust to enable modifications to be) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 411 Tm (completed by 15 September 1993.) Tj /OP11Font1 11 Tf 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 369 Tm (METHODS) Tj /OP11Font0 11 Tf 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 341 Tm (Preliminary discussions were held with Tim Heath \(Salmond, Anderson & Heath,) Tj 136 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 327 Tm (architects, landscape architects and town planners, Dunedin\) designer of the) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 313 Tm (observatory. Various methods and modifications were reviewed or eliminated at) Tj 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 300 Tm (that stage due to:- impracticality; necessity for major structural changes to the) Tj 133 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 286 Tm (building; significant reduction in viewing experiences; or potential for further) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 272 Tm (disturbance of the birds.) Tj 140 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 243 Tm (Though some of the options below should be reconsidered if the Richdale) Tj 136 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 229 Tm (Observatory is ever replaced, those rejected at this stage of the investigation) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 215 Tm (were:-) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 187 Tm (a.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 187 Tm (replacement of complete structure with new observatory substantially below) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 173 Tm (ground with a glassed viewing slit;) Tj /OP11Font2 11 Tf 135 Tz 1 0 0 1 300 173 Tm ([) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 308 173 Tm (Not currently a practical alternative due) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 159 Tm (to costs involved]) Tj /OP11Font0 11 Tf 1 0 0 1 66 131 Tm (b.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 841 Tm (\t) Tj 133 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 131 Tm (modification of the existing observatory to provide smaller windows or) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 117 Tm (windows angled downwards from the vertical;) Tj /OP11Font2 11 Tf 162 Tz 1 0 0 1 375 117 Tm ([) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 116 Tm (Not currently a practical) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 102 Tm (alternative without major structural changes probably better considered under) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 88 Tm (\(a\) above j) Tj /OP11Font0 8 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 293 779 Tm (2) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 49 0 obj [] endobj 171 0 obj <>stream BT 0 0 0 rg /T1_0 14 Tf 105 Tz 70 729 Td (ASSESSMENT OF TINTED GLASS FOR PUBLIC OBSERVATORY,)Tj 102 Tz 99 -16 Td (TAIAROA HEAD NATURE RESERVE.)Tj /T1_0 11 Tf 114 Tz -102 -110 Td (INTRODUCTION)Tj /T1_1 11 Tf 127 Tz 180 82 Td (C.J.R. Robertson)Tj -121 -13 Td (Science & Research Division, Department of Conservation,)Tj 123 Tz 91 -14 Td (P O Box 10420, Wellington.)Tj 126 Tz -150 -83 Td (Public viewing of Royal albatrosses and other wildlife at the Taiaroa He\ ad Nature)Tj 133 Tz 0 -14 TD (Reserve has been operated by the Otago Peninsula Trust from an observato\ ry)Tj 130 Tz -1 -14 Td (within the reserve since 1972. There have been two different observatory\ types)Tj 131 Tz 0 -13 TD (with the current one \(Richdale Observatory\), being built in 1982.)Tj 134 Tz 1 -28 Td (Robertson \(1993\) \(Otago Daily Times. 1992\) and other unpublished ana\ lyses)Tj 128 Tz 0 -14 TD (\(Robertson)Tj /T1_2 11 Tf 144 Tz 71 0 Td (in litt)Tj /T1_1 11 Tf 72 Tz 34 0 Td (.)Tj 100 Tz 5 0 Td (\))Tj 143 Tz 13.748 -1 Td (have recently shown that there has been a significant)Tj 131 Tz -123.748 -13 Td (proportional shift of albatrosses, away from the observatory site. This \ has been)Tj 126 Tz 0 -15 TD (especially obvious since viewing was allowed during the hatching period \ \(also the)Tj 132 Tz 0 -13 TD (peak time for adolescent courtship and display\). The prime reason for t\ he shift)Tj 126 Tz 0 -14 TD (appears to have been the disturbance of adolescent birds during their pr\ e-breeding)Tj 139 Tz 0 -13 TD (pair formation behaviour. Once a pair is formed and commences nesting it\ )Tj 132 Tz 0 -14 TD (remains closely related to that original nesting area while the pair con\ tinues to)Tj 124 Tz T* (breed.)Tj 125 Tz 0 -28 TD (The areas which have shown the greatest increases in nesting density are\ those not)Tj 129 Tz 0 -14 TD (directly in front of the Richdale public observatory or the nearby Signa\ l Station.)Tj 128 Tz T* (There has also been an increasing tendency for some late laying pairs to\ lay eggs)Tj 131 Tz T* (outside the period when the observatory is closed to visitors during egg\ laying.)Tj 127 Tz T* (Some of these have been at nest sites close to and on view from the obse\ rvatory.)Tj 125 Tz 0 -28 TD (Any modification to the observatory making visitors less visible will re\ move some)Tj 129 Tz 0 -14 TD (of the more direct effects of disturbance. However, it will not remove a\ ny of the)Tj 135 Tz T* (significant disturbance in other parts of the nature reserve caused by v\ isitors)Tj 134 Tz T* (moving about in the open \(inside and outside the nature reserve\) to ge\ t to the)Tj 131 Tz T* (observatory site. In 1992-93 almost 45,000 visitors entered the reserve \ with 72)Tj 128 Tz T* (percent of them visiting from the November opening of the reserve in 199\ 2, until)Tj 126 Tz T* (the end of March 1993.)Tj 129 Tz 0 -28 TD (The first observatory was some 55% smaller than the present one, and had\ small)Tj 130 Tz 0 -14 TD (observation windows just above natural ground level. As the main viewing\ area)Tj 140 Tz -1 -14 Td (was round, each of the small observation windows faced slightly differen\ t)Tj 127 Tz 1 -14 Td (directions. The observatory floor was below ground level, with visitors \ in smaller)Tj 128 Tz -1 -14 Td (parties \(10 people\) being less visible from outside. The present Richd\ ale Observ-)Tj 125 Tz 0 -15 TD (atory is basically a rectangular building, with the main observation win\ dows facing)Tj 130 Tz 0 -14 TD (in three directions at one end of the rectangle. Its floor is at natural\ ground level)Tj 128 Tz T* (and the windows are considerably higher and bigger, resulting in two tie\ rs \(using)Tj ET endstream endobj 38 0 obj <>/Height 117/Type/XObject>>stream /tb#фGd|""""+ RԨ2>G`aaDa!ErA2(r4"ЙK| 2:(pIDEcQk#h31g(Eу#y]c/DDDDDFHͣm#|~"""2FGD
]:7Q".}E.hHD`Ⱥ0EȩDDDDG$Hh0Ѵ]DH]DgcJD#'D|EaDDDDfF#t]a""DDDDFPtCG#">G̎""""#4y]4":#~"""""#4E͢z0s#t^/#xͣDDDDDDDf|.FyG"8фHD4GD|< """""3L":?Dx#6G""""#4":5G{6 endstream endobj 40 0 obj <> endobj 41 0 obj <> endobj 42 0 obj <> endobj 36 0 obj [] endobj 35 0 obj [30 0 R 32 0 R] endobj 24 0 obj <>/Height 117/Type/XObject>>stream ":/\Dc"EtaDDGHDtGDtGDsCDu#DxDDDDDFjtG<>]:^?1n.""2#"? endstream endobj 34 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet 3 0 R>> endobj 28 0 obj <> endobj 29 0 obj <> endobj 26 0 obj <>/Height 42/Type/XObject>>stream $8AtH+]^ m} %v)vJ!+a+abH endstream endobj 30 0 obj <>stream q 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 81 566 cm 9 0 0 10 0 0 cm /picture_0 Do Q endstream endobj 32 0 obj <>stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 80 650 Tm (ISSN 1171-9834) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 499 Tm (Reference to material in this report should be cited thus:) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 471 Tm (Robertson, C.J.R., 1993.) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 457 Tm (Assessment of tinted glass for public observatory, Taiaroa Head nature reserve.) Tj /OP11Font1 11 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 443 Tm (Conservation Advisory Science Notes No.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 295 443 Tm (42) Tj /OP11Font0 11 Tf 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 306 443 Tm (,) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 444 Tm (Department of Conservation,) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 429 Tm (Wellington. 9p.) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 121 Tm (Commissioned by: Otago Conservancy) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 107 Tm (Location: NZMS) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 567 Tm (1993 Department of Conservation) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 22 0 obj [] endobj 21 0 obj [16 0 R 18 0 R] endobj 5 0 obj <>stream JFIF C (1#%(:3=<9387@H\N@DWE78PmQW_bghg>Mqypdx\egc C//cB8Bcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc u S" } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? 襢 ($uf83ɖ91c.U