Historic Motukiore Island
Introduction
Motukiore Island is a 5-ha recreation reserve located in Parua Bay, approximately 8 km east of Whangarei, 400 m east of the end of Manganese Point. Motukiore Island has a fascinating history, being both an important vantage point for Maori in prehistoric times, and a focus of early European industry in Whangarei Harbour.
Historic values
View of the Maori Pa site on Motukiore
Island
Maori occupation of the island is evidenced in the form of the impressive terraced Maori pa at the southern end.
The Pa consists of a series of artificially levelled earthen terraces rising up the slope to a central tihi or platform at the summit. Typically, whare or houses would have been built on the terraces, along with associated structures like cook houses, drying racks for seafood and storage for fishing and gardening equipment.
The pa was defended by the slopes of the hill itself, probably augmented by wooden palisades and the two defensive ditch and bank features still visible on the ridge below the terraces.
Below the pa, the flats may have been gardened, and gardening may also have taken place on the nearby mainland. The gathering of fish and shellfish and the importance of marine resources to Maori is evident by the thick layer of midden or cooking refuse which rings the foreshore of the island.
European involvement with the island began in 1839 when Gilbert Mair senior landed men on the island to establish a pit-sawing venture to provide spars of native timber for ships plying New Zealand waters. The going was hard and circumstances lonely and difficult and the venture folded in less than six months. At about the same time the island was sold as part of a much larger block to Messrs Scott, Russell and Anderson by a group of local Maori chiefs, a sale confirmed by the Crown Native Land Commission in 1844.
View the painting "Shipbuilders' yard on an inlet of Whangarei Harbour, New Zealand, showing remains of a pah on Mootoo Kioray (Rat Id).1842." by Edward Ashworth. Reference number: MS-0104-072.
Northern homestead on Motukiore
Island in 1937
For the next 130 years the island was farmed by a succession of local and absentee owners who left their own mark in the form of homestead gardens and windbreaks on the northern and western sides of the island, farm fences and stockyards.
Around 1900 a homestead was built at the northern end of the island and in the 1930s a farm managers residence was built on the western side of the island. A New Zealand Farmers Weekly article from 1941 extolled the small-farming practices used on the island along with its many other virtues.
Southern homestead on Motukiore
Island in 1975
In the late 1960s the island was purchased by the Northland Harbour Board in advance of the encroaching development of Whangarei Harbour and was used as an island retreat. However the financial drain was too much to bear and the island was purchased by the Crown for the Hauraki Gulf Maritime Park in 1974. Since 1987 Motukiore has been managed by the Department of Conservation.